The FDA previously assigned letter categories to medications based on their potential for risk to the fetus It also applies to breastfeeding mothers as substances can be passed on to the newborn during lactation. FDA = U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Found inside – Page 856Advisory committee on immunization practices—Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger—United States, 2021. ... names are in italics; FDA pregnancy categories and 856 Resources □ Synopsis: Caution should be taken when considering drug therapy during pregnancy or when breast feeding From the FDA Register (1980) Category A: “Controlled … This book focuses on the impact of pregnancy on drug disposition and also includes coverage of treatments for diseases of specific body systems, as well as essential content on dosing and efficacy. The most commonly used drugs include antiemetics, antacids, antihistamines … Drugs in Category X were … See references. The risk to the fetus clearly outweighs any potential benefit to the mother. AU TGA pregnancy category: B2 US FDA pregnancy category: Not formally assigned to a pregnancy category. Naloxone, sold under the brand name Narcan among others, is a medication used to block the effects of opioids. In April 2018, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and the Swiss company Helsinn approved the intravenous formulation of AKYNZEO® (NEPA, a fixed antiemetic combination of fosnetupitant, 235mg, and palonosetron, 0.25mg) as an alternative treatment option for patients experiencing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting 3. (9 days ago) According to the US- FDA drug ’s risk classification, 42.5, 37, 13, and 7% of the drugs prescribed were from categories A, B, C, and D or X respectively. Drug Classification Schedule of Medicines During Pregnancy. Naloxone may also be combined with an opioid (in the same pill), to decrease the risk of opioid misuse. drug risk classifications or statements such as “contraindicated dur-ing pregnancy” may lead to a simplified perception of risk, e.g. Found insideThis report presents the recommendations of the WHO Expert Committee responsible for updating the WHO Model List of Essential Medicines. hޜ��O�0�������/i�Ԧ�!���nlC|�W�� J´����[��4"��{�����8xmA�ҁP4� �C@ endstream endobj 831 0 obj <>/Metadata 134 0 R/Names 846 0 R/OCProperties<>/OCGs[847 0 R]>>/OpenAction 832 0 R/Outlines 855 0 R/PageLayout/SinglePage/PageMode/UseOutlines/Pages 820 0 R/StructTreeRoot 186 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 832 0 obj <> endobj 833 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC]/Properties<>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/Tabs/S/Type/Page>> endobj 834 0 obj <>stream endstream endobj startxref Women who are pregnant or are planning on becoming pregnant should check the FDA’s website for more information and warnings about medication use during pregnancy. PREGNANCY CATEGORIES OF DRUGS • Pregnancy Category C : • Studies in women and animals are not available or studies in animals have shown adverse effects on the fetus and there is no controlled study in women. Risk Classification Systems for Drug Use During Pregnancy. For medications assigned this category there are studies, adequate well-controlled or observational, in animals or pregnant women that have demonstrated positive evidence of fetal abnormalities. 146 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<28017C33E7050A43BDFED02C28DD5D00><4674742B894F3047BF3F0ABA3B603D41>]/Index[125 48]/Info 124 0 R/Length 107/Prev 156385/Root 126 0 R/Size 173/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream Tetracycline . A medication gets this classification if there is insufficient data on its use during pregnancy. endstream endobj startxref The following CRS reports provide overview information on FDA's processes for approval and regulation of drugs: CRS Report R41983, How FDA Approves Drugs and Regulates Their Safety and Effectiveness, by Susan Thaul; CRS Report RL33986, FDA ... Suggestions for Prescribing Medication in Pregnant Women. Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril) 2. Found insideThoroughly updated with current regulations, references to the latest pharmacological data, and new medicinal products, this edition is a comprehensive resource covering latest knowledge and findings related to drugs during lactation and ... In 1979, the Food and Drug Administration developed a system determining the teratogenic risk of drugs by considering the quality of data from animal and human studies. These data were deidentified by the FDA. an overestimation of the risk or simple fatalism, and withholding of essen-tial therapy or the prescription of insufficiently studied and poten-tially risky drugs may result. Key Points. Findings In this … These data were all submitted to the FDA by patients, clinicians, and drug manufacturers. If there is a clinical need for … The NIOSH List of Hazardous … amiodarone C Crosses human placenta. Give your doctor, midwife and pharmacist a list of all medications and drugs you take or have recently taken, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, nutrition supplements, complementary therapies (such as herbal medicine), social drugs (such as alcohol) and illegal drugs. Drugs (6 days ago) The category X drug list is much longer than what is listed above. Avoid … AUSTIN, Texas -- Knowing where a particular drug was classified in the FDA's "pregnancy categories" significantly impacted a clinician's decision about whether … FDA PREGNANCY CATEGORIES CATEGORY A • failed to demonstrat e a risk to the fetus in the first trimester of pregnancy • no evidence of risk in later trimesters CATEGORY C • shown an adverse effect on the fetus • no adequate and well- controlled studies in humans • potential benefits may warrant the use of drug despite potential risks. Found inside – Page 833Table 1 Pregnancy risk categorization of drugs Pregnancy risk category Definition Category A Adequate and ... https:// www.fda.gov/drugs/developmentapprovalprocess/developmentresources/labeling/ucm093307.htm The tables list some ... After all, to err is human. Instead, this book sets forth a national agendaâ€"with state and local implicationsâ€"for reducing medical errors and improving patient safety through the design of a safer health system. Pregnancy (Labor & Delivery) Lactation (Nursing Mothers) Females & Males of Reproductive Potential; The old pregnancy drug categories until 2016. Excreted into human milk: Yes Pregnant women and their unborn children … Category X: Studies in animals or human beings have demonstrated fetal abnormalities, or there is evidence of fetal risk. h�bbd```b``z"W���@$��d�"���0{��LF�E�Ad��d�\�`ӔA$w�d��69D�����}@�C)� < ��AD�g`jy` ��h 830 0 obj <> endobj h�bbd```b``�"��A$��d� �/���HfC0Y"���j�Ad�L����! %PDF-1.6 %���� Question What is the current state of US Food and Drug Administration labeling of medications in relation to pregnancy and lactation?. Found insideThis book is a comprehensive and easily accessible reference for physicians caring for pregnant women with diabetes. Information from Briggs GG, Freeman RK, Yaffe SJ, eds. Drugs that primarily pose a reproductive risk to men and women who are actively trying to conceive and women who are pregnant or breastfeeding Acronyms CSTD = closed system drug-transfer device PPE = personal protective equipment Citation NIOSH [2016]. endstream endobj 126 0 obj <. Found inside – Page iAn A-Z listing of drugs by generic name. Category B drugs include prenatal vitamins, acetaminophen and several other medications used routinely and safely during pregnancy. Use with caution.-Some experts recommend: Use is not recommended. Found inside"The goal of this practice guideline is to improve the quality of care and treatment outcomes for patients with schizophrenia. The Australian categorisation system differs from the US FDA categorisation. To address the need for updated risk categories, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a final rule entitled Content and Format of Labeling for Human … ��s�Q�=����m�)kV�A����lk9=;��c����'e�]���:�=͇r�lY���&ǥ���%f� V�7�c���*ɦ1[�lV��PKśL��F�d�Kќ�/�qVn���^Q��UW�g]UG�7-R�IC�c�O�M�l]&m�J����ay�;-��s^�sv�͇��B)䳒/%�U7C۱���h'�a������;T�yՌ����Ϫ�����~��+�C�uR�]��#��h?7�����}���j��/��h��QB�A��#�:��;��g�xK� 125 0 obj <> endobj the same category as a drug with no animal information – Example: Pregnancy Category C – Animal reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect on the fetus, Here in the USA, doctors and researchers from the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) have set up a system for categorizing drugs in regards to pregnancy. The categories are A,B,C,D and X, and each one is a different safety level in regards to use during pregnancy. Book Description. The list includes mostly generic-generic drug name pairs, although a few brand-brand or brand-generic … Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and neonatal risk. They do not refer to breast-feeding risk. 21 Systemic absorption is considered very low, if it occurs at all. %%EOF This book contains: - The complete text of the Content and Format of Labeling for Human Prescription Drug and Biological Products - Requirements for Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling (US Food and Drug Administration Regulation) (FDA) (2018 ... When possible: Use medication only if absolutely indicated. Found inside – Page 55Drug. Administration. Pregnancy. Risk. Categories. Category Description Remote risk for fetal harm: Controlled studies in ... A statement on risk will appear in the CONTRAINDICATIONS section of drug labeling TABLE 8.3 FDA Pregnancy and ... Adapalene has been shown to be teratogenic in rats and ra bbits when … Chronic maternal use of the drug throughout pregnancy can cause neonatal withdrawal. US FDA pregnancy category D: There is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience or studies in humans, but potential benefits may warrant use of the drug in pregnant women despite potential risks. Click on a drug name to view information on the drug from the ClinicalInfo Drug Database. Found inside – Page 209Retrieved from ,https://cioms. ch/wp-content/uploads/2017/01/WEB-CIOMS-EthicalGuidelines.pdf. ... Available from https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198105275046. Drugs.com. FDA pregnancy risk categories prior to 2015. (2018). Elimination . Since most drugs have not yet been Isoniazid may be associated with an increased risk of hepatotoxicity in pregnant women .S ymptoms should therefore be assessed, and liver function tests are recommended fortnightly during the first two months of … PREGNANCY CATEGORIES OF DRUGS • Pregnancy Category C : • Studies in women and animals are not available or studies in animals have shown adverse effects on the … Always talk to your doctor, nurse, or pharmacist before you take any medicines, herbs, or vitamins.Don't stop taking your medicines until your healthcare provider says that it is OK. Use these questions: 1. Found insideDrugs in Pregnancy: A Handbook for Pharmacists and Physicians covers the pregnancy ramifications of using anti-infective, cardiovascular, hematologic, dermatologic drugs and drugs affecting the endocrine, central, autonomic, ... Found insideThis A-Z guide gives you comprehensive coverage on the effects of prescription and over-the-counter drugs as well as herbals, chemicals, and radiologicals, on the mother, fetus, and nursing child. Drugs in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. The most commonly used drugs include antiemetics, antacids, antihistamines, analgesics, antimicrobials, diuretics, hypnotics, tranquilizers, and social and illicit … Drug Interactions). NIOSH list of antineoplastic and other hazardous drugs in healthcare settings, 2016. In 2014, however, the FDA has developed a "Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR)" which requires product labels to include specific information related to the safety and effectiveness of medications to pregnant and lactating women. FDA category Pregnancy category de nition A Controlled studies showed no risk to humans. When possible: Use medication only if absolutely indicated. Cetirizine Breastfeeding Warnings. Found inside – Page 134Below is a selected list of drugs along with their assigned FDA Safety Category. FDA PREGNANCY SAFETY CATEGORY DRUGS B Bile acid sequestrants C ezetimibe, fibrates, niacin D X All statins Unclassified Pediatric Implications Only four ... Excreted into milk. Prescription drug use during pregnancy is prevalent, with 44–99% of women being prescribed medication during pregnancy. Those drugs that are contraindicated at a certain phase of the pregnancy are … Retin-A . The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently implemented the Pregnancy Lactation Labeling Rule (PLLR), which amends the previously issued Physician … switched to Z-drugs to try to improve safety. Because they tend to oversimplify a complex topic, they should always be used in conjunction with the Fetal Risk Summary. attention to the dissimilarities in look-alike drug names. Found inside – Page iiThrough the contributions of global experts, this book meets the growing need to understand the implementation and development of pharmaceutical care. The drug is contraindicated in women who are or may become pregnant. Found insideLook no further than the new 5th edition of the best-selling Manual for Pharmacy Technicians to master the practical skills and gain the foundational knowledge all technicians need to be successful. This is because it depends so much on timing of exposure, on the dose of the medication and the indication for which the medication is being used. Risk Classification Systems for Drug Use During Pregnancy. Drugs in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. It is commonly used to counter decreased breathing in opioid overdose. This edition provides guidelines for the seven million Americans who follow vegetarian diets—a number that has tripled in the last ten years. • FDA Pregnancy Categories: FDA drug categorization based on risk of use during pregnancy o Category A: Adequate human studies have not shown a risk to the … They do not refer to breast-feeding risk. No … FDA believes that a narrative structure is best able to capture and convey the potential risks of drug exposure. This document supersedes previous versions of the List and presents the current list of drugs determined by NIOSH to be hazardous. Losartan (Cozaar) 6. Understanding US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warnings The chart below summarizes the side effects, warnings and precautions listed for each DMT in the FDA required prescribing information. These five categories indicate the potential … that a narrative structure for pregnancy labeling, rather than a category system, is best able to capture and convey the potential risks of drug exposure based on … FDA PROPOSED CHANGES TO LABELING • Elimination of the 5 categories – Misleading to providers and women – Risk for C, D, and X are based on risk and benefits to patient, not just risk Fda Categories For Drug Use In Pregnancy . Found insideThis handbook provides basic facts regarding foodborne pathogenic microorganisms and natural toxins. Py:(ô®e¼J]méhQ)âzmêô©³˜"¸Æõôž«B4VS±ØÀ{r‘»,›%4OTÌæk¨’µAcӐ¿. Salicylic Acid. Both benzodiazepines and Z-drugs are considered a “high-risk medication in the elderly” and are listed on the . Medications to Avoid During Pregnancy: Cipro, Ibuprofen & More. Antibiotic Pregnancy Ratings19, 26 Antibiotic FDA Pregnancy Category Ratingb Notes Aminoglycosides D Streptomycin linked to hearing loss in newborns and … May cause withdrawal symptoms in nursing infants, lethargy and weight loss, so should be avoided during lactation. From Acitretin to Warfarin, learn about the most common medications deemed contraindicated during pregnancy with the following general overview of category X drugs. 5th ed. This book introduces fundamental concepts, methods, and advances in the areas of dissolution, absorption, and permeability and their key applications in dosage form performance. Use the lowest effective dose. Valsartan (Diovan) 01.02 – Beta Blockers 8. More … drug for use during pregnancy. 67, 68 Amorolfine This drug presents with poor systemic absorption and it was not shown to be deleterious in animal pregnancies. Under the column "Drug-Pregnancy Categories", letters A, B, C, D, and X signify the FDA Pregnancy categories. Olmesartan (Benicar) 7. Drugs in pregnancy and lactation: a reference guide to fetal and … The definitions for the Factors are those used by the Food and Drug Administration (Federal Register 1980;44:37434-67). Also, keep in mind that as increased post-marketing data for a drug becomes available, the FDA can change a drug’s pregnancy category. Pregnancy Category X Drugs which have such a high risk of causing permanent damage to the foetus that they should not be used in pregnancy or when there is a possibility of pregnancy. h�b```b``�``2~12 � P��9�60�'NdX�̥�|ė�S���� ����00�?pa c�`�g��D�^g�[s>#S�K���)cL���8ƼA���:B!+پ�� �]@�ubՊ��&�KUĂe8�B%>pL� ��q!˦�]�T���0E�tk�T�=�!���N-��J(My��4��:��z���k��˻�N-VbT�*�*!ę�����Ӂ�J�D�������F f���A� �a|� CĂcv �B�h�� � Iw0��0��"�+�B�P�ds�$^�QX���yHs�(N����X8h+�`�x|�Ҍ#|�$�>Ʋ4���'Cfo��H���@���s�o��.��t���� @����,D1�� �B� It provides therapeutic guidance for the clinician. Ramipril (Altace) 5. Found inside – Page 661Clinical Infectious Diseases. doi.org/10.1093/cid/cix1112 WebMD: Drugs and Medications A to Z. Latest Drug News ... doi:10.1186/s12888-016-0745-5 NOTE: Generic names are in italics; FDA pregnancy categories and Resources ○ 661. AVOID: Accutane Metamucil. Pregnancy Category C. Retinoids may cause fetal harm, when administered to pregnant women. Drug List by Therapeutic Category Cardiovascular Drugs 01.01 – Renin–Angiotensin– Aldosterone System (RAAS) 1. h�b``�d``Z����P:�A��X���0400��{ݸ�����P�� .&��@Z�E@����n2SdV�^�R�9��Ō#q����� L���2��^�ʫ� ) ����ɣ��Z�4�?�����Xg8 i~���Pu: F�K COMMON MEDICATIONS SAFE IN PREGNANCY Clindamycin ACNE: Benzoyl Peroxide Topical Erythromycin . Select a medication with a proven track record in human pregnancy. FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration. The pregnancy categories in drug labeling were often viewed as confusing and overly simplistic, and they did not effectively communicate the risk a drug may have during pregnancy. The final rule officially known as the “Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule” (PLLR) was published in a 149-page document on the FDA’s website on December 3, 2014, to become effective on June 30, 2015. The plasma clearance of montelukast averages 45 mL/min in healthy adults. The HIV medicines are listed according to drug class and identified by generic and brand names. So, a drug may start out in Category B, for example, but be moved to a Category C if there is enough evidence of an increase in risk after the drug is approved for use. FDA Approved Drugs: July 2020 Express Scripts. The pregnancy category of a medication is an assessment of the risk of fetal injury due to the pharmaceutical, if it is used as directed by the mother during pregnancy.It does not include any risks conferred by pharmaceutical agents or their metabolites in breast milk.. Every drug has specific information listed in its product literature. �p�ʠ�� �z� Unfortunately, medications in pregnancy cannot be considered "safe" or “unsafe.” No drug — whether prescription, over-the-counter or herbal — can be considered 100 percent safe during pregnancy. Drugs should be given in pregnancy only if the potential benefits justify the potential risk to the fetus. Avoid initiating therapy during the first trimester. drug for use during pregnancy. (Just Now) Category A was the safest category of drugs to take. Over the course of a week, approximately 6% of the administered … Drugs are used in over half of all pregnancies, and prevalence of use is increasing. Because they tend to oversimplify a complex topic, they should always be used in conjunction … The NIOSH List of Hazardous Drugs in Healthcare Settings (List) assists employers in providing safe and healthy workplaces by identifying drugs approved by the FDA Center for Drug … Found insideAs this series deals predominantly with "experimental" characteristics of drugs, our volume is dedicated specifically to quinolones and emphasizes principally their preclinical and clinical phar macological characteristics, despite the ... Found insideIn his Introduction to this new edition, Russ Castronovo highlights the aesthetic concerns that were central to Sinclair's aspirations, examining the relationship between history and historical fiction, and between the documentary impulse ... 0 Listed below are some safe drugs and some harmful drugs in pregnancy. FDA Pregnancy and Lactation Labeling Rule Clinicians and patients were often confused by the meaning of the pregnancy risk categories because, according to the FDA, it was overly simplistic, led to misinformation, and did not adequately address the available information. Category C is the confusing category. Hypertensive disorders represent major causes of pregnancy related maternal mortality worldwide. Drug List by Therapeutic Category Cardiovascular Drugs 01.01 – Renin–Angiotensin– Aldosterone System (RAAS) 1. 02��r�ރ6��p��.�Z��4X�:�R��h�E��� p���ǻ�13>I���b|�K�OJ��}T��S*P��U�ʫ:}� X���= ,�A�-�V�,lq4)�Ŏ�WX�ϰ��˨Z��G��'����J�˔�@. This ruling has removed the requirement of stating pregnancy categories in prescription drug … Found insideThe fourth edition of Donald Plumb's "Veterinary Drug Handbook" remains the resource every veterinarian needs within reach. This document supersedes previous versions of the List and presents the current list of drugs determined by NIOSH to be hazardous. More information on a drug’s side effects may now be found on the drugs label. Found inside – Page 244Drugs.com. (2015). FDA pregnancy categories. Accessed August 26, 2015, from http://www.drugs.com/pregnancy ... PDF. Macario, A., Dexter, F., & Lubarsky, D. (2005). Meta-analysis of trials comparing postoperative recovery after ... Using plaque-reduction assays, the IC50 … Available now to FDA-regulated organizations, this manual allows facility managers to look at their operation's regulatory compliance through the eyes of the government. The categorisation of medicines for use in pregnancy does not follow a hierarchical structure. This new edition has been fully revised to bring pharmacologists and trainees fully up to date with the latest developments in the field of medical pharmacology. Found insideThe Customs modernization provisions has fundamentally altered the process by shifting to the importer the legal responsibility for declaring the value, classification, and rate of duty applicable to entered merchandise.Chapters cover entry ... Having a baby can be a joyous time.The FDA has lots of resources to help you make good choices about medicines, foods, and other products for you and your baby. We identified 145 unique reaction terms coded within the category “pregnancy, puerperium and perinatal conditions.” It covers an exhaustive list of common and less common drugs and provides for each drug the FDA letter categorization and newly approved “Pregnancy and … Lisinopril/hydrochlorothiazide (Prinzide, Zestoretic) 3. Found insideThis book represents the invited presentations and some of the posters presented at the conference entitled "In Vitro-In Vivo Relationship (IVIVR) Workshop" held in Sep tember, 1996. Enalapril (Vasotec) 4. Since 1975, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has assigned pregnancy risk factors to all drugs used in the United States .4 Unfortunately, many drugs … Most women take a drug of some kind during pregnancy, often without realising the potential for harm. The FDA categories are intended to guide drug choice before fetal exposure, rather than provide information on how to manage the pregnancy following exposure. To help pregnant women and their healthcare providers choose prescription and OTC drugs safely, the FDA … Effects begin within two minutes when given intravenously, and within five minutes when injected into a muscle. U se a single-agent. 932 0 obj <>stream In 1996 the Institute of Medicine launched the Quality Chasm Series, a series of reports focused on assessing and improving the nation's quality of health care. Preventing Medication Errors is the newest volume in the series. With the addition of pharmacokinetics coverage, ways to improve the bioavailability of commonly used drugs and sections on therapeutics that will help readers identify with diseases and drug treatments, this book provides better preparation ... 0 �`4��w��t���������?k�g�Oh8l���j��z6�M��N�S�F#6k��)^xEZ���^�Dgr�b��/.G#t=�.��K����Xn�ޤ\�\w�m��g�?7��G�s_�#�Ⰾ��v��^ �19��v\���+�*-{�@� Found insideA chapter is devoted to description and effect of perinatal drugs on new born baby. Another section focuses on the treatment of renal disease. The book can provide useful information to obstetricians, doctors, students, and researchers. of drug required to inhibit by 50% the growth of virus in cell culture (IC50), vary greatly depending upon a number of factors. In some instances, a warning is printed in a black box in the prescribing information to call attention to serious or life-threatening risks. Category A: Adequate studies inpregnant women have not demonstrated a risk to the fetus in the first trimester, and there is no evidence of risk in later trimesters. 844 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[]/Index[830 103]/Info 829 0 R/Length 94/Prev 654592/Root 831 0 R/Size 933/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream The FDA placed Thalidomide under Category X of the FDA's pregnancy ratings, categories created in 1975 for pharmaceutical companies to label medications according to their affects on reproduction. (9 days ago) According to the US- FDA drug ’s risk classification, 42.5, 37, 13, and 7% of the drugs … Allergan at 1- 800-678-1605 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or ... Pregnancy Lactation 8.4 Pediatric Use ... clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. Medication Pregnancy Risk Category Breastfeeding Risk Category Acitretin (Soriatane) X L5 Aminopterin X L5 Anastrozole (Arimidex) X L5 Atorvastatin (Lipitor, Caduet, Atorvastatin Calcium) X L3 Black Cohosh X L4 Blue Cohosh (Blue (CYP2D6), there is the potential for drug-drug interactions when bupropion is coadministered with drugs metabolized by this isoenzyme (see PRECAUTIONS: Drug … the metabolism of drugs metabolized by this enzyme (see. Logically organized and easy to use, Drugs for Pregnant and Lactating Women, 3rd Edition, is your #1 resource for details on how virtually all of today's drugs and herbal supplements interact with pregnancy and lactation.

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